Língua Inglesa (zanotta)

blz jones!

Muuuuuuuito bom Jones!
Vc manja inglês hein!!

Obrigado Jeani e joconcurseira !

Quaisquer dúvidas ou se quiserem questões sobre determinado tema é só falar.

Ótimo fim de semana e como diria o canabrava : Estudemos!

Brazilian rate cut catches markets off guard
The Financial Times February 21 2002


Brazil's central bank surprised financial markets on Wednesday night with its first interest rate cut in seven months, strengthening investor
confidence in an economic rebound this year and easing fears of economic contagion in the region from Argentina.

The bank's monetary policy committee reduced its overnight lending rate (Selic) by 25 basis points to 18.75 per cent. It said the reduction was "compatible with the convergence of the inflation rate to its target". The government's year-end inflation target is 5.5 per cent. The bank maintained a "neutral bias", meaning it is unlikely to change rates before its next monthly meeting in March.

A typical central bank strategy in past crises in the region has been to lift interest rates to attract investment in the fixed rate market. This is what countries did in 1999, when Brazil was forced to devalue the Real.
While Wednesday's rate cut is modest and leaves inflation-adjusted interest rates above 13 per cent, it could help accelerate a recovery in consumer confidence, which has been battered by last year's power crisis and Argentina's economic turmoil.

Lower interest rates, one of the principal demands of Brazil's business sector, could also increase the popularity of the government ahead of presidential elections in October. According to the latest consensus forecast published by the central bank, the market expects interest rates to fall to 17 per cent by year- end and to 14.1 per cent by the end of 2003. According to the same forecast, gross domestic product is expected to grow 2.4 per cent this year, up from an estimated 1.7 per cent last year.


1- According to the text, the recent cut in the Brazilian interest rate was
a) a misplaced sign of confidence in the economy.
b) a result of the crisis in Argentina’s economy.
c) designed to attract investment over seven months.
d) a sign of confidence in Brazil’s economic recovery.
e) an unexpectedly large cut in a modest interest rate.

2- According to the article, in 1999, Brazil
a) devalued its currency and raised its interest rates.
b) began to suffer fallout from the crisis in Argentina.
c) lowered its interest rate on account of devaluation.
d) attracted only a modest rate of foreign investment.
e) suffered a surprise fall in growth of almost 17%.

3- The government expects Brazil’s inflation rote to be
a) 1.7%
b) 2.4%
c) 5.5%
d) 13%
e) 18.75%

4- The phrase “last year’s power crisis” refers to
a) domestic political problems in 2001.
b) the effects on the world of the September 11 attacks.
c) regional political problems in South America.
d) changes in the government in 2001.
e) the shortage of electricity in Brazil in 2001.

5- The writer comments that the interest rate cut may
a) be too modest to stimulate real growth in the Brazilian economy.
b) please business people and gain support for the government.
c) help Brazil to overcome a forecast of negative GDP growth.
d) assist the economy to overcome the effect of the year’s elections.
e) leave inflation-adjusted interest rates at an extremely low level.

1-B
2-D (?)
3-D
4-E
5-E

1-B
2-A
3-D
4-E
5-E

Jones me desculpa voltar mt atras...mas é essa lista q sao todos sinonimos?? nao precisa saber o siginificado de cada palavra...cada especio de tributo?

Abraços

joneselder escreveu:[b]

[color=darkblue]
Levy-levies
Tax-taxes
Duty-duties
Excise-excises
Toll-tolls
Tallage-tallage
Tribute-tributes
VAT (value added tax)-VATs


Essa lista aí em cima são sinônimos muito usados em provas, são todos espécies de tributos.

B
A
C
B
D

eita mininu...to mal...mas vamos andando!! devagar e sempre!

Canabrava escreveu:Jones me desculpa voltar mt atras...mas é essa lista q sao todos sinonimos?? nao precisa saber o siginificado de cada palavra...cada especio de tributo?

Abraços

joneselder escreveu:[b]

[color=darkblue]
Levy-levies
Tax-taxes
Duty-duties
Excise-excises
Toll-tolls
Tallage-tallage
Tribute-tributes
VAT (value added tax)-VATs


Essa lista aí em cima são sinônimos muito usados em provas, são todos espécies de tributos.

Eles têm alguma diferença entre si, por exemplo o Toll é usado para ligações, os duties para importações, o VAT é uma espécie de ICMS, só que eu não acho que valha a pena se apegar as diferenças porque isso dá para pegar pelo contexto.

É só importante ter em mente que são tributos, além do mais não há uma correlação idêntica dos tributos porque cada Estado soberano tem a sua maneira própria de tributar.

Se você for decorar tudo você fica maluco antes da prova....rs

valeu jones...saquei!! obrigadão meu amigo.

mt bacana sua presteza e comprometimento.

Estudemos né...heheheh

Abraços

B
A
C
E
E

1- D

strengthening investor confidence in an economic rebound this year

2- A

A typical central bank strategy in past crises in the region has been to lift interest rates to attract investment in the fixed rate market. This is what countries did in 1999, when Brazil was forced to devalue the Real.

Lift = Raise
Currency=Moeda/Divisa

3- C
The government's year-end inflation target is 5.5 per cent

Target=Goal= Meta/Objetivo

4- E
Shortage = Falta/Queda/Carência/Déficit

5- B
strengthening investor confidence in an economic rebound

Ou seja agradaria aos homens empresários.

To Please=Agradar

Lower interest rates, one of the principal demands of Brazil's business sector, could also increase the popularity of the government ahead of presidential elections in October

E também aumentaria a popularidade do governo.

Jones...sem querer exigir muito, mas vc poderia traduzir cada pergunta e cada item resposta (gabarito), se quiser traduzir as alternativas, tb fica bacana....acho que isso facilitaria mais o entendimento do que o examinador ta querendo...

eu sou leigo, muito mesmo...nao me leva a mal.

Abração

Pode deixar, Cana!
Eu postarei amanhã junto com o novo simulado.
Abraços!

Cana,

Veja se ajuda:

1 - De acordo com o texto, o recente corte da taxa de juros no Brasil foi
a) um sinal descabido de confiança na economia.
b) um resultado da crise na economia da Argentina.
c) destinada a atrair investimentos ao longo de sete meses.
d) um sinal de confiança na recuperação econômica do Brasil.
e) um grande e inesperado corte em uma modesta taxa de juro.

Nessa questão C temos a palavra over.

Over tem vários siginificados:

Sobre alguma coisa: Throw a sheet over the bed. (Estender um lençol sobre a cama)

Em cima, no topo: To hit someone over the head. (Bater em cima da cabeça de alguém)

Atravessar: To go over a bridge. (Atravessar a ponte)

Do outro lado (também no sentindo de atravessar) : Lands over the sea. (As terras além-mar)

Ao invés: Chosen over another applicant. (Escolhido ao invés do outro cadidato)

Via: He told me over the phone. (Ele me contou via telefone)

Ao longo de: At various places over the country. (Em vários lugares ao longo do país)

Câmbio desligo: Over ( Quando se fala em walkie talkies. Pode se falar out também)

Repetidas vezes: They played the same record over and over. (Eles tocaram a mesma música várias e várias vezes)

Bem ali: She is over there, look! ( Ela está bem alí, veja!)

Adicional: To pay the full bill and something over. (Pagar a conta toda e um adicional)

Acabar: When the war was over. (Quando a guerra acabou)

Em excesso/Extra/Mais: Overweighted (Acima do peso) Overconfident (Extremamente confiante) Over expensive (Muito caro) Overtired (Extremamente cansado)

Existem algumas palavras em inglês que possuem vários significados dependendo do contexto como o get, over, out etc.

Para não ficar desesperado eu sugiro que fixe bem, no caso do over, a função de advérbio que ele tem (extremamente).

2 - Segundo o artigo, em 1999, o Brasil
a) desvalorizou sua moeda e aumentou as suas taxas de juro.
b) começou a sofrer as consequências da crise na Argentina.
c) reduziu sua taxa de juros por conta da desvalorização.
d) atraiu apenas uma modesta taxa de investimento estrangeiro.
e) sofreu uma queda surpreendente no crescimento de quase 17%

Fallout = Conseqüência. Eu sinceramente não sei se temos um léxico em português que equivalha, mas não é qualquer tipo de conseqüência; ela tem que ser inesperada.

Também siginifica radioativo.

Atenção: Fallout é diferente de Fall out. Fall out é cair fora e é usado como gíria geralmente.

3 - O governo espera que a taxa de inflação do Brasil seja
a) 1,7%
b) 2,4%
c) 5,5%
d) 13%
e) 18.75%

4 - A expressão "crise de energia" refere-se a
a) os problemas políticos internos em 2001.
b) os efeitos no mundo por conta dos ataques de 11 de Setembro.
c) problemas políticos regionais na América do Sul.
d) As mudanças no governo em 2001.
e) a falta de eletricidade no Brasil em 2001.

Power aqui é sinônimo de energia. Como quando a gente diz: Acabou a força e estamos nos referindo que acabou a luz.

Acho que o intuito do examinador era que o candidato se confundisse com outros significados da palavra como: influência, poder, jurisdição, vigor, autoridade etc

5 - O autor comenta que o corte na taxa de juros pode

a) ser muito modesto para estimular o crescimento real na economia brasileira.
b) agradar empresários e obter apoio para o governo.
c) ajudar o Brasil a superar uma previsão de PIB negativo.
d) ajudar a economia a superar os efeitos do ano eleitoral.
e) deixar as taxas de juros ajustadas pela inflação em um
nível extremamente baixo.

Gabarito 21/08

Capitalism reconsidered

Remember the triumph of Anglo-Saxon capitalism? Not many do. The nations that inspired the late-20th-century boom in global trade and profited most greatly from its advance no longer define its rules. What the radical individualists of the United States and Britain failed to recognize was how few poor nations had joined the global system by the turn of the millennium: two dozen at best. More than 100 were left out. Now, as more poor nations join the international trading game, they have increased their share of world trade by more than half. They are demanding a greater say in the global system, led by nations that most opposed the “Americanization” of global trade and culture: India, China, Brazil.

This new force looks to Europe for inspiration. As a result, the governors of globalization – the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and World Trade Organization – are no longer led by the United States, but by consensus, similar to the EU (European Union). The global rules are cracking down on multinationals that order mass layoffs or grow too powerful for local comfort. Global capitalism is now truly continental.

1- According to the text, poor nations
a) currently influence decisions in relation to global trade.
b) no longer play a major role within the global trade context.
c) have been leading the global trade boom for the last decade.
d) will probably participate in the international trade game.
e) have slowed the growth of international trade.

2- According to the author, global capitalism
a) was born in Asia.
b) is undergoing changes.
c) should exclude certain regions.
d) encourages the monopoly.
e) was refused by the USA.

3- The text refers to the emerging role played by
a) the USA along with Asia.
b) India along with the USA.
c) Africa along with the USA.
d) the poor nations as well as by Europe.
e) the USA along with Brazil.

4- According to the text,
a) consensus has been achieved since the early 90s.
b) Brazil kept its leading role during the 1980s and 1990s.
c) rules might have been defined in relation to global trade.
d) Americanization is unavoidable in the poorest regions.
e) the EU serves as a model within the global trade context.

5- The text mentions mass layoffs, which means
a) the hiring of under-qualified employees.
b) the huge increase of certain trade tariffs.
c) the dismissal of numerous employees.
d) the disregard for environmental issues.
e) the disrespect for local legal requirements.

1)A
2)B
3)D
4)C
5)C

=]

A
B
D
C
C

1-A
2-B
3-D
4-C
5-C

1-A
2-B
3-D
4-C
5-C

A
B
D
E
C

1-A

As a result, the governors of globalization – the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and World Trade Organization – are no longer led by the United States, but by consensus, similar to the EU (European Union).

Esse consenso indica que as nações pobres atualmente influenciam as relações do comércio global.

2-B

Global capitalism is now truly continental

Se agora ele é, siginifica que não antes não era, logo o capitalismo global está passando por mudanças.

3-D

Remember the triumph of Anglo-Saxon capitalism?
The nations that inspired the late-20th-century boom in global trade (...)
What the radical individualists of the United States and Britain failed to recognize (...)

Se os EUA e a Inglaterra são os inpiradores do capitalismo e do comércio global eles não são os emergentes. Todas as alternativas têm EUA exceto a D.

4-E

As a result, the governors of globalization – the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and World Trade Organization – are no longer led by the United States, but by consensus, similar to the EU (European Union).

5-C

Pergunta de vocabulário. Layoff siginifica demitir assim como dismissal.

Gabarito em 28/08

THE BRAZILIAN FISCAL STABILIZATION PROGRAM

The first component of the Fiscal Stabilization Program encompasses the approval of constitutional and legal reforms in areas such as social security, labor, public administration and taxes, as well as the introduction of a Fiscal Responsibility Act, addressing fundamental fiscal issues at the three levels of government (Federal, States and Municipalities) and the three branches of government (the Executive branch, Congress and the Judiciary).

The second component is the Plan of Action for 1999-2001 which fulfills the commitment of President Cardoso to present a medium term fiscal program aimed at stabilizing the debt/GDP ratio. It was formulated with the purpose of guaranteeing stabilization, creating the necessary environment for growth as well as protecting the Real against speculative market pressure. Measures contemplate the reduction of budget expenditures as well as revenue increases. They should create the basis for a reduction of interest rates in a short period of time. Particular attention is attached to the main cause of fiscal desequilibria, namely the social security deficit at the three levels of government.

1- According to the text, constitutional and legal reforms
a) could have been included in the Brazilian Fiscal Stabilization Program
b) have been imposed by the International Monetary Fund
c) would have to be formulated by the three branches of government
d) have been included in the Brazilian Fiscal Stabilization Program
e) have been monitored by public and private servants

2- A Fiscal Responsibility Act was
a) presented
b) banned
c) removed
d) suspended
e) criticized

3- According to the text,
a) the debt/GDP ratio has been stable over the last decade
b) the Plan of Action 1999/2001 establishes the dismissal of public employees
c) reducing the budget expenditures would deepen the fiscal desequilibrium
d) protecting the Brazilian currency is one of the major concerns
e) market pressure would contribute to lower the levels of inflation

4- The social security deficit
a) ought to have been addressed in the present program
b) may cause fiscal desequilibria within the period 1999/2001
c) will be generating deeper fiscal desequilibria in the future
d) would have been included in the present program, if necessary
e) is seen as a key element in the fiscal imbalance

5- What elements are intended to be decreased?
a) The GDP and the international debt
b) The standard of living and the GDP
c) The budget expenditures and the interest rates
d) The local interest rates and the foreign GDP
e) The social security deficit and the GDP

1)D
2)A
3)D
4)E
5)C

D
A
E
B
C